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Breastfeeding by HIV-positive women - benefit or risk

Miglena Kolarovа – Dimitrovа, Militsa Dimitrova

Abstract

Breastfeeding is the ideal feeding pattern (the gold standard in nutrition) for all newborns globally. However, in the era of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, breastfeeding is a challenge due to the transmission of HIV from the mother to the child. Aim: To provide a review of the risks and benefits of breastfeeding by HIV- positive mothers. Material and Methods: A review of studies examining the relationship between breastfeeding and transmission of HIV infection from the mother to the child has been performed in the accessible databases (PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science) for the period 2001 - 2022. Results: In exclusive breastfeeding, infants have the lowest intestinal permeability compared to HIV at week 1 after birth compared to infants who are given other foods in addition to breast milk or no breast milk at all. Early weaning is detrimental to already infected babies. Their mortality is much higher if weaned earlier than if breastfeeding continued (73.6% vs. 54.8%; p = 0.007). Mixed feeding was also associated with a significantly higher risk of contracting HIV (OR 10.87; p = 0.018). Babies receiving replacement foods have a higher risk of death at 3 months. Conclusion: Pediatric prophylaxis with antiretroviral therapy (ART) during lactation shows a reduction in the risk of transmission of HIV infection by up to 1.2%. A combination of maternal ART and prophylaxis for breastfeeding infants can effectively eliminate vertical transmission of HIV

Keywords

breastfeeding, HIV-seropositive mothers, infection, risk, benefit

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/sm.v30i4.9999

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