Attitudes towards human papillomavirus vaccination

Abstract

Introduction: Despite the proven effectiveness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, a number of negative perceptions and opinions continue to persist in society. These attitudes are influenced by multiple factors such as low levels of public awareness, socio-economic status, cultural differences, and the growing impact of social media.

Aim: To examine the factors influencing attitudes towards HPV vaccination among different population groups at European and international level.

Materials and Methods: An analysis was conducted of scientific studies and publications presenting the various attitudes and beliefs of people from different socio-economic groups, ethnicities, and religions.

Results and Discussion: Studies conducted in Bulgaria, Europe, and the Middle East reveal varying levels of awareness and acceptance of the HPV vaccine. In Bulgaria, there is a tendency towards lower awareness and higher levels of distrust, whereas in Western European countries attitudes are generally more positive. In the Middle East, vaccination faces obstacles due to a number of cultural and religious factors. Healthcare professionals play a key role in increasing vaccination rates by providing accessible information about the benefits of immunisation. The COVID-19 pandemic has had both positive and negative effects on attitudes towards HPV vaccination: it has raised awareness of the advantages of vaccines, while at the same time generating distrust among certain groups. Social media simultaneously serves as a tool for acquiring knowledge and as a channel for spreading misleading information and harmful influences.

Conclusion: Increasing public awareness and health education play a crucial role in shaping attitudes towards HPV vaccination. Joint efforts are needed to provide accessible and comprehensible information, as well as to use social media effectively to raise awareness about the benefits of vaccination.