Hypertension affects a large part of the world's population. Late diagnostics of the disease, asymptomatic course and its wide distribution are the reasons why dentists are among the first to face the disease and its consequences. It is very important to take into account the specific drugs used during dental treatment, and the effects of therapy applied so far on the patients, in order to increase the success rate of the dental treatment. The aim of the article is to reveal specific guidelines for dental treatment of patients with hypertension.
Akpunonu BE, Mulrow PJ, Hoffman EA. Secondary Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment. Dis Mon. 1996 Oct;42(10):609-722.
Whalen K, Finkle R, Panavelil TA. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews:pharmacology. 6th ed.: Philadelphia, Pa; Wolters Kluwer; 2015
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20.
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 Report. JAMA. 2003 May 21;289(19):2560-72.
Kaplan NM. The 6th joint national committee report (JNC-6): new guidelines for hypertension therapy from the USA. Keio J Med. 1998 Jun;47(2):99-105
Southerland JH, Gill DG, Gangula PR, Halpern LR, Cardona CY, Mouton CP. Dental Management in Patients With Hypertension: Challenges and Solutions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2016 Oct 17;8:111-120
Abu-Mostafa N, Al-Showaikhat F, Al-Shubbar F, Al-Zawad K, Al-Zawad F. Hemodynamic Changes Following Injection of Local Anesthetics With Different Concentrations of Epinephrine During Simple Tooth Extraction: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015 Oct 1;7(4):e471-6
Holm SW, Cunningham LL, Jr, Bensadoun E, Madsen MJ. Hypertension: Classification, Pathophysiology, and Management During Outpatient Sedation and Local Anesthesia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Jan;64(1):111-21
Balakrishnan R, Ebenezer V. Contraindications of Vasoconstrictors in Dentistry. Biomed Pharmacol J. 2013 Dec;6(2):409-414
Aubertin MA. The Hypertensive Patient in Dental Practice: Updated Recommendations for Classification, Prevention, Monitoring, and Dental Management. Gen Dent. Nov-Dec 2004;52(6):544-52
Chassot PG, Marucucci C, Delabays A, Spahn DR. Perioperative Antiplatelet Therapy. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Dec 15;82(12):1484-9
Elwood PC, Morgan G, Galante J, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials to Ascertain Fatal Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events Attributable to Preventive Low-Dose Aspirin: No Evidence of Increased Risk. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e016616614
Urger W, Chemnitius JM, Kneissl GD, Rücker G. Low-dose aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention - cardiovascular risks after its perioperative withdrawal versus bleeding risks with its continuation - review and meta-analysis. J Intern Med. 2005;257(5):399‐414
Chapman TW, Bowley DM, Lambert AW, Walker AJ, Ashley SA, Wilkins DC. Haemorrhage associated with combined clopidogrel and aspirin therapy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2001;22(5):478‐479
Ernst A, Eberhardt R, Wahidi M, Becker HD, Herth FJ. Effect of routine clopidogrel use on bleeding complications after transbronchial biopsy in humans. Chest. 2006;129(3):734‐737
Dézsi BB, Koritsánszky L, Braunitzer G, Hangyási DB, Dézsi CA. Prasugrel Versus Clopidogrel: A Comparative Examination of Local Bleeding After Dental Extraction in Patients Receiving Dual Antiplatelet Therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73(10):1894‐1900
Napeñas JJ, Oost FC, DeGroot A, et al. Review of postoperative bleeding risk in dental patients on antiplatelet therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;115(4):491‐499
Szalma J, Joób-Fancsaly Á. Guideline for the management of patients on oral anticoagulants and anti-platelet therapy requiring dental treatment and surgery.Fogorv Sz. 2015;108:57-60
Abdullah WA, Khalil H. Dental extraction in patients on warfarin treatment. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent.2014 Aug 19;6:65-69.
Weltman NJ, Al-Attar Y, Cheung J, et al. Management of dental extractions in patients taking warfarin as anticoagulant treatment: a systematic review. J Can Dent Assoc. 2015;81:f20.
Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M, et al. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association practical guide on the use of non-vitamin-K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(27):2137‐2149
Elad S, Marshall J, Meyerowitz C, Connolly G. Novel anticoagulants: general overview and practical considerations for dental practitioners. Oral Dis. 2016;22(1):23‐32
