Peri-implant disease risk assessment is used in order to minimize the risk of progressive destruction of the peri-implant tissues and to determine the measures for disease prevention. This risk assessment consists of assessment of eight risk factors in a functional diagram (octagon) that visualizes the risk of developing a peri-implant disease—previous periodontitis, bleeding on probing index, presence of residual periodontal pockets, loss of alveolar bone in relation to patient's age, susceptibility to periodontitis, regular supportive therapy, distance from the edge of the prosthetic structure to the alveolar bone crest, factors related to the prosthetic structure.
The octagon diagram helps the clinician in determining the risk of developing peri-implant disease at the individual level, as well as in determining the frequency of follow-up visits in the supportive therapy after implant treatment.
Damyanova D, Bozukov H. Evaluation of Standard Risk Factors for the Development of Dental Caries. JDMS 2017, 16(4):87-90
Damyanova D. Risk factors associated with the development of dental caries in Bulgarian children. IJPHS 2021, 10(2):250-8
Аnderson S, Stuckey R, Poole J, Oakman J,2017. Physical and environmental hazards in the prosthetics and orthotics workshop: a pilot study. Industrial Health 55,3 (June, 2017), 285 – 292.
Lang N., Suvan J, Tonetti M. Risk factor assessment tools for the prevention of periodontitis progression a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2015, 42(Suppl 16), S59–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12350
Georgieva I. Periodontal risk profile assessment - a review - VMF, 2019; 8(2): 131-138
Heintz-Mayfield L, Heitz F, Lang N. Implant Disease Risk Assessment IDRA–a tool for preventing peri-implant disease. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2020;00:1–7.
Heintz-Mayfield L, Salvi G, Mombelli A, Loup P, Heitz F et al. Supportive peri-implant therapy following anti-infective surgical peri-implantitis treatment: 5-years survival and success. Clin Oral Impl Res 29:1-6
Berglundh, T, Armitage, G, et al. Peri‐implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018; 45( Suppl 20): S286– S291. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12957
Derks, J, Schaller, D, Håkansson, J, Wennström, JL, Tomasi, C, Berglundh, T. Peri‐implantitis – onset and pattern of progression. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43: 383– 388. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12535.
Kordbacheh K, Finkelstein J, Papapanou P. Peri-implantitis prevalence, incidence rate, and risk factors: A study of electronic health records at a U.S. dental school. Clin Oral Impl Res 2019; 30(4), 306–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13416
American Academy of Periodontology statement on Risk Assessment. J Periodontol 2008;2:202
Ferreira S, Silva G, Cortelli J, Costa J, Costa F. Prevalence and risk variables for peri‐implant disease in Brazilian subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2006, 33: 929-935.
Roos‐Jansåker A, Renvert H, Lindahl C, Renvert S, Nine‐ to fourteen‐year follow‐up of implant treatment. Part III: factors associated with peri‐implant lesions. J Clin Periodontol 2006, 33: 296-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00908.x
Cho-Yan L, Mattheos N, Nixon KC, Ivanovski S. Residual periodontal pockets are a risk indicator for peri-implantitis in patients treated for periodontitis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 Mar;23(3):325-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02264.x. Epub 2011 Aug 5. PMID: 22092508.
Vignoletti F, Di Domenico GL, Di Martino M, Montero E, de Sanctis M. Prevalence and risk indicators of peri‐implantitis in a sample of university‐based dental patients in Italy: A cross‐sectional study. J Clin Periodontol. 2019; 46: 597– 605. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13111
Pjetursson BE,Thoma D, Jung R, Zwahlen M, Zembic A. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) after a mean observation period of at least 5 years Clin. Oral Implants Res. 23(Suppl. 6), 2012, 22–38 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02546.x
Costa FO, Takenaka-Martinez S, Cota LO, Ferreira SD, Silva GL, Costa JE. Peri-implant disease in subjects with and without preventive maintenance: a 5-year follow-up. J Clin Periodontol. 2012 Feb;39(2):173-81.
Monje A, Wang HL, Nart J. Association of Preventive Maintenance Therapy Compliance and Peri-Implant Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Periodontol. 2017 Oct;88(10):1030-1041.
Renvert S, Aghazadeh A, Hallström H, Persson GR. Factors related to peri‐implantitis–a retrospective study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 25, 2014, 522– 529.
Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang HL. Peri-implantitis. J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S267-S290. doi: 10.1002/JPER.16-0350. PMID: 29926957.
Kordbacheh K, Finkelstein J, Papapanou PN. Peri‐implantitis prevalence, incidence rate, and risk factors: A study of electronic health records at a U.S. dental school. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2019; 30: 306– 314. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13416
Souza AB, Tormena M, Matarazzo F, Araújo MG. The influence of peri-implant keratinized mucosa on brushing discomfort and peri-implant tissue health. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016 Jun;27(6):650-5. doi: 10.1111/clr.12703. Epub 2015 Oct 16. PMID: 26474541.
Aguirre-Zorzano L, Estefania-Fresco R, Telletxea O, Bravo M. (2015). Prevalence of peri-implant inflammatory disease in patients with a history of periodontal disease who receive supportive periodontal therapy. Clin Oral Impl Res 2015, 26(11), 1338–1344.https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12462
Matuliene G, Pjetursson B, Salvi G, Schmidlin K, Brägger U, Zwahlen M, Lang, N. Influence of residual pockets on progression of periodontitis and tooth loss: Results after 11 years of maintenance. J Clin Periodontol 2008, 35(8), 685–695. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01245.x
Karlsson K, Derks J, Hakansson J, Wennström J, Petzold M, Berglundh T. Interventions for peri-implantitis and their effects on further bone loss: A retrospective analysis of a registry-based cohort. J Clin Periodontol, 2019, 46(8), 872–879. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13129
Lang N, Adler R, Joss A, Nyman S. Absence of bleeding on probing. An indicator of periodontal stability. J Clin Periodontol, 1990, 17(10), 714–721.
Claffey N, Nylund K, Kiger R, Garrett S, Egelberg J. Diagnostic predictability of scores of plaque, bleeding, suppuration and probing depth for probing attachment loss. 3 1/2 years of observation following initial periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol, 1990, 17(2), 108–114.
Mombelli A, Marxer M, Gaberthuel T, Grunder U, Lang, N. The microbiota of osseointegrated implants in patients with a history of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol, 1995, 22(2), 124–130.
Persson RE, Tzannetou S, Feloutzis AG, Brägger U, Persson GR, Lang NP. Comparison between panoramic and intra-oral radiographs for the assessment of alveolar bone levels in a periodontal maintenance population. J Clin Peridontol 2003;30: accepted for publication.
Tonetti M., Greenwell H., Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol 2018; 89(Suppl 1), S159–S172. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0006
Papapanou PN, Sanz M, et al. Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S173–S182.
Monje, A., Aranda, L., Diaz, K. T., Alarcon, M. A., Bagramian, R. A., Wang, H. L., & Catena, A. (2016). Impact of maintenance therapy for the prevention of peri-implant diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2016, 95(4), 372–379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515622432
Serino G, Ström C. Peri-implantitis in partially edentulous patients: Association with inadequate plaque control. Clin Oral Impl Res 2009, 20(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01627.x
Heitz-Mayfield LJ. Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators. J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Sep; 35(8 Suppl): 292-304, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01275.x.
