Molecules that do not ordinarily absorb radiation in the visible region of the spectrum can be made to do so by introducing chromogens that facilitate electronic transitions. The most commonly derivatized functional groups are aromatic nitro- (preliminary reduction required) and aromatic amino- groups.
An amino compound that lacks chromophore can be assayed spectrophotometrically using a suitable carbonyl reagent. Certain amines condense with various aldehydes in strongly acidic media, giving them the ability to give color. Among many, the following aldehydes are widely used: 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, vanillin, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, etc. The reaction with aromatic amines produces Schiff bases.
In this review, we have summarized and discussed the important analytical chromogenic reagents regularly used in drug analysis by visible spectrophotometric methods.
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