Reports of foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus have existed for many years. The most common iatrogenic causes are related to dental procedures. Foreign bodies enter the sinus primarily through two mechanisms: apical migration of tooth roots, fragments, or dental materials and as a result of trauma to the maxillofacial region. Patients are often asymptomatic, and the finding is frequently discovered incidentally on X-ray examination. In over 60% of cases, unilateral maxillary sinusitis or aspergillosis occurs. Sinusitis caused by a foreign body does not clinically differ from odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, and there is no specific symptom that points to this diagnosis. Methods for the removal of foreign bodies from the maxillary sinus vary depending on the size and location of the object. These methods can be categorized as follows: alveolar access, the Caldwell-Luc approach, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) via nasal or oral access.
Liston PN, Walters RF. Foreign bodies in the maxillary antrum: a case report. Aust Dent J 2002, 47, 344-346.
Bell GW, Joshi BB, Macleod RI. Maxillary sinus disease: diagnosis and treatment. Br Dent J 2011, 210, 113-118.
Sahin YF, Muderris T, Bercin S, Sevil E, Kiris M (2012) Chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with an unusual foreign body: a case report. Case Rep Otolaryngol, doi: 10.1155/2012/903714.
Deniz Y, Zengin AZ, Karli R. An unusual foreign body in the maxillary sinus: dental impression material. Niger J Clin Pract 2016, 19, 298-300.
Chrcanovic BR, Custódio AL. Surgical removal of dental implants displaced into the maxillary sinus. Serb Dent J 2009, 56, 139-147.
Ding X, Wang Q, Guo X, Yu Y. Displacement of a dental implant into the maxillary sinus after internal sinus floor elevation: report of a case and review of literature. Int J Clin Exp Med02015, 8, 4826-4836.
Pagela F, Emanuelli E, Castelnuovo P. Endoscopic ext ract ion of a metal foreign body f rom maxillary sinus. Laryngoscope. 1999; 109:339-42.
Saeed B. Traumatic foreign bodies in the paranasal sinuses. Jordan Medical Journal. 2013 Mar 31;47(1):57-65.
Troeltzsch M, Pache C, Troeltzsch M, Kaeppler G, Ehrenfeld M, Otto S, et al. Etiology and clinical characteristics of symptomatic unilateral maxillary sinusitis: A review of 174 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015;43:1522‑9.
Alrasheed MA., Alhaddad MS, Almuhainy NA, Almohammedali AA. An unusual maxillary sinus foreign body: A case report. The American Journal of Case Reports 2021, 22, pp.e928534-1.
Legent F, Bil let J, Beauvil lain C, Bonnet J, Miegevil le M. The role of dental canal illing in the development of Aspergillus sinusit is. A report of 85 cases. Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1989;246: 318-20.
González-García A, González-García J, Diniz-Freitas M, García-García A, Bullón P. Accidental displacement and migration of endosseous implants into adjacent craniofacial structures: a review and update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012, 17, 769-774.
Chiapasco M, Felisati G, Maccari A, Borloni R, Gatti F, Di Leo F. The management of complications following displacement of oral implants in the paranasal sinuses: a multicenter clinical report and proposed treatment protocols. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009, 38, 1273-1278.
Manchisi M, Bianchi I, Bernardi S, Varvara G, Pinchi V. Maxillary sinusitis caused by retained dental impression material: An unusual case report and literature review. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2022 Apr 1;25(4):379-85.
Hara Y, Shiratsuchi H, Tamagawa T, Koshi R, Miya C, Nagasaki M, Ohyama T, Oka S, Sakashita H, Kaneko T, 2018. A large-scale study of treatment methods for foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus. Journal of oral science, 60(3), pp.321-328.
Aukštakalnis R., Simonavičiūtė R, Simuntis R. Treatment options for odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: a review. Stomatologija, 2018, 20(1), pp.22-26.
Dundar S, Karlidag T, Keles E. Endoscopic Removal of a Dental Implant From Maxillary Sinus. J Oral Implantol. 2017; 43: 228-231
Giovannetti F, Priore, P, Raponi I, Valentini V. Endoscopic sinus surgery in sinus-oral pathology. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2014, 25(3), pp.991-994.
Fusetti S, Emanuelli E, Ghiroto C, Bettini G, Ferronato G. Chronic oroantral fi stula: Combined endoscopic and intraoral approach under local anesthesia. Am J Otolaryngol. 2013; 34: 323-6.
Delgado-Ruiz R, Botticelli D, Romanos G. Temporal and Permanent Changes Induced by Maxillary Sinus Lifting with Bone Grafts and Maxillary Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in the Voice Characteristics—Systematic Review. Dentistry Journal. 2022 Mar 11;10(3):47.
Wojtera B, Woźna A, Komisarek O. The management of foreign body displacement into the maxillary sinus as a complication of maxillofacial interventions: systematic review. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2020 Sep 18:1-6.
Manor Y, Anavi Y, Gershonovitch R, Lorean A, Mijiritsky E. Complications and management of implants migrated into the maxillary sinus. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent 2018, 38(6):e112– e118. https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.3328
Matti E, Emanuelli E, Pusateri A, Muniz CCS, Pagella F. Transnasal endoscopic removal of dental implants from the maxillary sinus. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implant 2013, 28(3):905–910. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.2894
Brescia G, Saia G, Apolloni F, Marioni G. A novel nasal endoscopic approach for removing displaced dental implants from the maxillary sinus. Am J Otolaryngol 2017, 38(1):92–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2016.09.005
Selvi F, Enoz M, Yazgin I, Cakarer S, Keskin C. Do asymptomatic foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus always need to be removed? B-ENT 2008, 4, 243-247.
van de Loo S, Kessler P, Lethaus B. Spontaneous transmaxillary-transnasal implant loss: a case report. Implant Dent 2013, 22, 117-119.
Sgaramella N, Tartaro G, D’Amato S, Santagata M, Colella G. Displacement of dental implants into the maxillary sinus: a retrospective study of twenty-one patients: implant displacement into maxillary sinus. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2016, 18(1):62–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12244
